Somalia

Country Overview

Somalia faces a protracted humanitarian crisis driven by conflict, recurrent climate shocks, and disease outbreaks. The failure of successive rainy seasons significantly reduced access to water, food, and livelihood opportunities, and prompted a national drought emergency declaration in November 2025. Meanwhile, sustained high levels of conflict across Somalia throughout 2025 continued to drive displacement and constrain humanitarian access, compounding vulnerabilities and limiting service delivery. These overlapping shocks eroded household coping capacity and increased vulnerability among newly displaced and affected populations.

IMPACT began working in Somalia in 2012 through its initiative REACH to inform emergency prioritization through technical support and evidence generation. In 2026, REACH continues to provide analysis and multisectoral data at the national and sub-national level (with an emphasis on Area Based Coordination) and runs the Multi Sectoral Needs Assessment.

(Picture: UNHCR / Feisal Omar)

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Research Highlights

Humanitarian Situation Monitoring:
Key Findings From Hard-to-Reach Areas
January 2026

Displacement from hard-to-reach settlements is being driven primarily by
climate-related shocks. In 88% of assessed settlements, key informants
(KIs) reported that households had moved elsewhere in the 30 days
preceding data collection;
Food insecurity appears severe in hard-to-reach districts. In 75% of assessed settlements, KIs reported that a large proportion of households lacked sufficient food;
Access to healthcare is significantly constrained in hard-to-reach districts. In 68% of assessed locations, residents must travel outside their settlement to access healthcare services.

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Multi-Sectoral Needs Assessment (MSNA): IDPs and Affected Communities
October 2025

Throughout 2025, Somalia continued to face significant levels of displacement and restricted humanitarian access, which constrained the delivery of essential services and weakened the coping capacity of displaced households. Many households reported inadequate access to food and safe drinking water, while prolonged drought conditions and ongoing conflict continued to intensify humanitarian vulnerabilities.

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Acute Needs Analysis 2025
July – Dec 2025

The ANA is a humanitarian research pilot project designed to identify populations facing urgent, life-threatening needs.

It seeks to bring these populations to the attention of humanitarian decision-makers—especially in contexts where information is scarce or fragmented.

All analysis is conducted by dedicated, country‑based analysts with deep contextual expertise, ensuring robust support for humanitarian prioritization across and within crises.

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